伊朗巴斯基民兵的历史嬗变与转型

Iran's Basij Militia: Historical Evolution and Transformation

巴斯基民兵是伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队下属的武装力量。霍梅尼设立该组织的初衷是为了动员民众积极捍卫政权,扩大统治基础。此后在哈梅内伊授意下,巴斯基民兵逐渐加入保守派阵营,并在内贾德政府时期实现了快速发展。鲁哈尼上台后,伊朗国内政治派系斗争加剧,该组织随之进入了蛰伏期。巴斯基民兵具有基层性、等级性、"革命性"和功能多元化等组织特征,对伊朗政治、经济发展和社会认同等方面均产生了不同程度的影响。近年来,巴斯基民兵还介入伊朗在叙利亚、伊拉克等国的军事行动和经济建设。当前,在特朗普政府加大对伊朗制裁的背景下,巴斯基民兵将继续发挥其作为政府"安全阀"的作用。

The Basij militia was established by the order of Ayatollah Khomeini,with his original intention of mobilizing people to actively defend the regime and consolidate its basis.Afterwards,Under Ali Khamenei's and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's instruction,the Basij militia streamed to be a type of political conservative force.Since Hassan Rohani took presidency,the Basij has been well characterized by its grassroots,hierarchy,revolutionariness and versatility.In recent years,the Basij also got involved in Iran's military operations and economic construction in Syria and Iraq,which has become a pretext of the Trump administration against Iran.