市民社会视域下的土耳其“居伦运动”述评

Turkish Gülen Movement from the Perspective of Civil Society: A Review

"居伦运动"在很大程度上可视为市民社会组织的范畴,"服务"是其核心原则,金融捐助是其主要资金来源,其成员分为核心追随者、附属者和同情者三个圈层。"居伦运动"基于自愿原则开展教育、传媒、金融和经济活动,提供社会公共服务,是土耳其现代化进程的重要参与者。近年来,"居伦运动"参与政党政治尤其是同正义与发展党的权力博弈凸显了其政治色彩,背离了市民社会组织的非政治功能,表现出"越位"倾向。"居伦运动"的全球扩张引发了广泛质疑,很多国家怀疑该运动的本质是输出伊斯兰教,隐藏着重现奥斯曼帝国辉煌的野心,加之该运动与美国存在特殊关系,导致其在世界范围内遭遇严峻挑战。

The Gülen movement,as a civil society organization,relies on financial contribution.It emphasizes hizmet as a priority and comes into a huge community whose members can be subdivided into three circles: the core leaders,the affiliates and the sympathizers.The Gülen movement has scored great achievements in education,media,finance,economy and public services based on principles of autonomy and voluntary.The movement also participates in party politics in Turkey and launches power game with ruling party which suggests that it is beyond basic function of civil society organization.The expansion of the Gülen movement all over the world has aroused widespread doubt about its exporting Islam and recreating glory of the Ottoman Empire.There is also suspect that the Gülen movement has a special relationship with the United States.This led to challenges facing the movement in the world.