“帝国主义”在清末中国:译介、认识与话语

"Imperialism" in China in Late Qing Dynasty:Translation,Understanding and Discourse

二十世纪初,发源于欧洲的"帝国主义"一词经日本传入中国。得益于《清议报》,译自日本的帝国主义理论成为中国人最早接触"帝国主义"概念的开始,而浮田和民与幸德秋水的思想更在中国产生了广泛影响。在外来译介知识的影响下,清末中国人开始对"帝国主义"的成因、特征、帝国主义国家、帝国主义侵略以及如何抵抗帝国主义等方面都有了较为深入的了解与认识,梁启超等人的言论更成为其时具有代表性的论述。在对"帝国主义"有所认识后,中国人将自身所面临的境遇与外来词语相结合,阐发出了具有"中国特色"的帝国主义话语体系。特别是在立宪派、革命派的政治论争中,夹杂进了丰富的"帝国主义话语"。在从译介、认识到话语利用的过程中,中国对于"帝国主义"的认识渐趋多元与复杂。

In the early 20th century,the word"imperialism"originated from Europe was introduced into China through Japan.Qingyi Newspaper provided Chinese people with the earliest chance to know about the concept of"imperialism"from some imperialism theories translated from Japanese.Theories of Kazumi Ukita and Kotoku Shusui have had more extensive influence in China.Under the influence of foreign translation knowledge,many Chinese people began to have a deeper understanding of the causes and characteristics of imperialism,imperialist countries,imperialist aggression and how to resist imperialism.The speeches of Liang Qichao et al.became more representative at the time.After understanding"imperialism",the Chinese combined their own situation with foreign words and interpreted the imperialist discourse system with"Chinese characteristics".Especially in the political controversy between the constitutionalists and the revolutionaries,there were a plethora of"imperialistic discourses".In the process of translation,understanding,and use of words,Chinese people s understanding of"imperialism"tended to be more pluralistic and complex.