中美农药行业排污许可证政策差异性探讨

A Review of Discussion on the Difference of Pollutant Discharge Permit Policy for the Pesticide Industry Between China and the US

排污许可证制度是管控污染物排放的基本环境管理制度,该研究在介绍中美排污许可制度发展以及农药污染特性的基础上,分别从排污许可证管控污染物种类、发放对象、排放限值确定方法和自行监测4个方面对两国农药行业排污许可证的管理内容进行了对比梳理,发现我国现行农药行业排污许可制度可从以下几个方面进一步完善:根据农药行业的污染物排放特征,进一步扩充需要管控的污染物种类;建议区分区域环境质量达标区与未达标区,采用划分控制单元分区管理的模式进行精细化管理;建议排放限值的确定不仅考虑现行生产工艺、排放控制水平等技术要求,还需考虑与区域环境质量相联系;对于污染治理效果好的企业可以采取激励政策,实现成本-效益的双赢。

The pollutant discharge permit system is a basic environmental management system for controlling pollutant discharge. Based on the development of pollutant discharge permit systems in China and the United States, and the pollution characteristics of the pesticides, a comparative analysis was performed on the respective permit system, including the pollutant types, the distributed object, the method on determining emission limits, and the self-monitoring procedures. It is found that the current pollutant discharge permit system for pesticide industry in China may be improved through the following recommendations:(1)the types of pollutants controled should be increased based on the discharge characteristics of the pesticide industry;(2)it is suggested to distinguish the regions as attainment and nonattainment areas based on the standard of environmental quality. This will enable specific pollution control strategy to be applied in each district to achieve targeted management outcomes;(3)the emission limits should not be determined only by pollution control levels and other technical regulations for specific production systems, but also by the impact on the environmental quality of the region as a whole;(4)incentive policies could be adopted to promote cost-effective mutually beneficial outcomes for the pesticide industry with outstanding performance in pollution control.