“有一X没一X”结构的时空类型及其语义增值

Space-time Categories and Semantic Incrementof the Construction “You Yi X Mei Yi X”

文章从语法意义、句法分布和语义增值的角度对现代汉语中"有一X没一X"结构进行了讨论。从语法意义来看,该结构主要用于时、空域,表示动作的"断续无序"义或事物的"稀疏无序"义。从句法分布来看,该结构主要位于状位、谓位、定位和补位,而且在每一句法位置,表示"断续无序"义的"有一X没一X"都要求其直接成分具有时间性或动态性,表示"稀疏无序"义的"有一X没一X"都要求其直接成分具有空间性或静态性。从语义增值来看,该结构在一定语境中衍伸出了"缺量"义、"过量"义和"随意"义。

This paper discusses the construction“you(有)yi(一)X mei(没)yi(一)X”from the perspectives of grammatical meaning,syntactic distribution and semantic increment.The construction is often used in the space-time domain,expressing actions of“intermittent disorder”or things in sparse disorder.It occurs in the slots of adverbial,predicate,attribute and complement.When the construction implies intermittent disorder,it requires its direct constituents to show temporal or dynamic property,and when the construction implies“sparse disorder”,it requires its direct constituents to show spacial or static property.Besides,more meanings of the construction can be derived from the contexts,including“an absent amount”,“an exceeding amount”and“unintentionality”.