再论铬鞣剂及应用技术

Discussing Again to Nowaday Chrome Tanning Agents

迄今为止,铬鞣剂是皮革制造重要材料,其鞣革性能是其他鞣剂无法达到的,再次理解现代铬鞣剂的功能是非常有益的。利用现代鞣制方法对糖还原的液体铬浆(GCr-L)、糖还原铬粉(GCr-S)及二氧化硫还原铬粉(SCr-S)三种鞣剂应用特征进行探索,包括:三种鞣剂的水解与光谱吸收特征;用铬鞣剂在浸酸牛皮中渗透吸收情况及鞣革性能进行对比研究;不同铬鞣剂对鞣后复鞣染整的影响。结果表明:GCr-L与GCr-S水解初期pH较低,接近平衡的pH差距较小,吸收光谱紫移。因此,组成较复杂,有机配合物含量多,导致鞣制渗透速率和吸收率都相对SCr-S较差。在相同Cr_2O_3用量下铬鞣坯革比较,SCr-S鞣革的物理力学性能优于其它两种鞣革。但三种铬鞣剂鞣革经过染色、加脂后无明显差别,成革质量相同。

So far chrome tanning agent is always an important material for leather manufacture because its tanning power cannot be achieved by other tanning agent. It is much beneficial again to understand the function of nowaday chrome tanning agents. The application characteristics of three kinds of chrome tanning agents, such as the glucose reduction chrome seriflux (GCr-L), the glucose reduction chrome (GCr-S) and the sulfur dioxide reduced chrome powder (SCr-S), were explored by modern tanning methods. By the contrast studies three chrome tanning agents were evaluated, including the hydrolysis and spectral absorption characteristics of three kinds of chrome tanning agents;the penetration and absorption of chrome tanning agents in pickled hides, physical mechanical properties of chrome tanned leather and the effects of retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring on wet blues. The result is that the pH of GCr-L and GCr-S are lower in the initial hydrolysis, closing the to the equilibrium pH. The entire absorption spectrum of GCr-L and GCr-S is violet-shifted, which testified have complex compositions and more organic complexes, show not as good as SCr-S whether the penetration speed or the absorption rate during tanning process. The crust leather tanned alone with SCr-S is superior in physical and mechanical properties. However, there are no obvious differences in the effect of dyeing, fatliquoring to three kinds of crust leathers. The finished leathers tanned with each chrome tanning agent turn out to be the same quality of leathers.