电解质水溶液中钴、镍分离、提纯研究进展

Research progress on separation and purification of cobalt and nickel ions in aqueous electrolyte

高浓度、高纯度钴盐电解质水溶液是电解或电解精炼生产高纯乃至超高纯金属钴的关键.钴、镍离子深度地分离是制备该种电解质水溶液的核心任务.研究发现目前主要的分离、提纯方法包括:离子交换法、萃取色层法、膜分离法和溶剂萃取法等.研究对象主要集中在含高镍、低钴的硫酸盐水溶液体系.离子交换法、萃取色层法是实现两者深度分离的有效手段,溶剂萃取法则更易实现规模化.研究主要针对有机萃取剂和吸附材料的研发、改性、组合和分离提取工艺的改进等展开.文中对含钴、镍电解质水溶液中钴、镍分离研究进展进行总结评述,并对其发展进行展望.

The cobalt salt aqueous electrolyte with a high concentration and purity of cobalt is the key to the preparation of high-purity or ultra-high-purity metallic cobalt by electrolysis or electrolytic refining.To get such aqueous electrolyte,the core is to separate cobalt and nickel ions as much as possible.The main separation methods include ion exchange,extraction chromatography,membrane separation and solvent extraction,etc.At present,the researches mainly concentrate on sulfate aqueous electrolyte system containing a high concentration of nickel ion and a low concentration of cobalt ion.Ion exchange and extraction chromatography are effective means to realize the effective separation of the two ions,and it is easier for solvent extraction to achieve scale application.The research is mainly aimed at the development,modification,combination of the organic extractant and adsorbent materials,and corresponding improvement of their separation process.In this paper,the research on the separation of cobalt and nickel ions in the aqueous electrolyte is reviewed.And the prospect of this process is also discussed.