移栽密度和方式对不同类型油菜品种产量及构成的调控效应

Effects of density and transplanting method on yield and yield components of different types of rapeseed

为探索不影响产量前提下提高移栽油菜效益的新途径,以株型中间型品种镇油5号和紧凑型品种镇油7号为试验品种,采用一穴双栽和一穴单栽2种移栽方式,设置1 hm20.6×105株、0.9×105株、1.2×105株、1.5×105株、1.8×105株和2.1×105株密度水平,研究移栽密度和移栽方式对不同类型油菜品种产量和成熟期相关农艺性状的影响,对比分析在不同移栽方式下密度与不同类型油菜产量之间的关系。结果表明,以移栽密度1 hm21.8×105株、一穴双栽处理的紧凑型品种产量最高,达到3 560 kg/hm2。随着密度的增加,产量先升后降;单株角果数、千粒质量、根茎粗、主轴角果数、一次分枝数、一次分枝角果数、二次分枝数和二次分枝角果数总体波动式下降;株高先缓慢下降再上升,分枝点高度和主轴长波动式上升,角果长上下起伏变化。每角粒数在一穴单栽条件下呈先升后降趋势,在一穴双栽条件下中间型品种呈下降趋势,紧凑型品种呈先升后降趋势。株型紧凑型品种的适宜密度水平比中间型品种高。同一类型油菜品种,在适宜密度及高密度水平下,一穴双栽移栽方式要比一穴单栽移栽方式获得的产量更高,大面积生产上的增产效果将更显著。

In order to explore ways to improve the efficiency of transplanting rapeseed seedlings without reducing the grain yield,six planting densities(0.6×10^5,0.9×10^5,1.2×10^5,1.5×10^5,1.8×10^5 and 2.1×10^5 plant per hectare)and two transplanting methods(two plants per hole and one plant per hole)were applied to study the interactive effects of planting density and transplanting method on yield and agronomic traits at maturity for different types of rapeseed varieties(Zhenyou5,a medium plant-type variety and Zhenyou7,a compact plant-type variety).The highest grain yield was achieved at 3 560 kg/hm^2 for the compact plant-type variety Zhenyou 7 when the planting density was 1.8×10^5 plants per hectare and two plants were transplanted into one hole.With the increase in density,grain yield increased first and then decreased,the pod number per plant,1 000-grain weight,root crown diameter,pod number of main inflorescence,number of first-grade branch,pod number of first-grade branch,the number of the second-grade branch and pod number of second-grade branch were in a fluctuant downward trend on a whole.Plant height was gradually decreased and then increased,branch height and length of main inflorescence were in a fluctuant upward trend,and pod length was fluctuant changed as the increase in planting density.The seed number per pod in the treatment of one plant per hole increased first and then decreased,while the seed number per pod in the treatment of two plants per hole showed a downward trend for the medium plant-type variety and was first promoted and then decreased for the compact plant-type variety.The compact-type variety was more suitable to high planting density than the medium plant-type variety.Within the same plant-type variety,the grain yield under the treatment of two plants per hole was higher than that under the treatment of one plant per hole.Our study indicated that the method of transplanting two plants per hole could be an effective way to increase grain yield in rapeseed production.