新型尿素对膜下滴灌棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of new-type urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of drip irrigated cotton under plastic film mulching

比较膜下滴灌条件下不同新型尿素在棉花上的肥效及其氮肥利用率的差异,以选择合适的尿素类型,提高氮肥利用率和效益。在2016-2017年连续2年的田间试验中,共设置了7个处理:不施氮肥(CK)、常规尿素(Urea)、聚能网尿素(P-Urea)、腐殖酸尿素(H-Urea)、含锌尿素(Zn-Urea)、控失尿素(LC-Urea)和常规尿素加锌(Urea+Zn)。各处理的氮磷钾用量相同,除了控失尿素全部基施外,其他类型尿素30%作基肥,70%后期随水滴施,磷钾肥全部基施。在棉花成熟期测定其生物量、产量和氮肥利用率。研究结果表明,与普通尿素相比,不同新型尿素处理后棉花产量和地上部干物质量显著增加,控失尿素增产效果最为明显;不同新型尿素显著增加棉花的氮素吸收量;与普通尿素相比,不同新型尿素氮肥利用率提高1.29～8. 29个百分点,控失尿素氮肥利用率最高。施用新型尿素增加棉花效益,其中控失尿素处理的效益最高。因此,新型尿素中的控失尿素是提高新疆滴灌棉田氮肥利用率和增加棉花效益的最有效途径。

To select suitable urea and improve the nitrogen nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefits,the differences of fertilizer efficiency and utilization rate of new urea for drip irrigated cotton under plastic film mulching were compared.Two-year field trials were conducted with seven treatments including no nitrogen,fertilizer(CK),common urea(Urea),polyaspartic acid urea(P-Urea),humic acid urea(H-Urea),zinc urea(Zn-Urea),loss-controlled urea(LC-Urea),common urea add Zn(Urea+Zn).The amount of N,P,K in each treatment was the same.Loss-controlled urea was used for the base fertilizer,and thirty percent of other types of urea were applied as base fertilizer,and the remaining seventy percent were applied with drip irrigation.All P,K fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer before transplanting.The biomass,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton were measured at maturity stage.The results showed that compared with the common urea,new type urea significantly increased the dry matter and yield of cotton.and the effect of loss-controlled urea was the most obvious.Application of the new type urea also increased nitrogen uptake in cotton.Compared with the common urea,the nitrogen use efficiency of new type urea increased by 1.29-8.29 percentage point,and the nitrogen use efficiency of loss-controlled urea was the highest.Application of new type urea improved economic benefit of cotton,and the cotton treated with loss-controlled urea had the highest economic benefit.Therefore,the loss controlled urea is the most effective way to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and increase the benefit in the drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang.