粮食生产生态效率测算与改善路径

Measurement and improvement of ecological efficiency in grain production

粮食生态效率是衡量粮食生产与资源环境协调的重要指标。将面源污染纳入到粮食生产效率测算体系,运用改进的SBM-DEA对全国31个省市自治区2006-2015年的粮食生态效率进行测算,并根据生产过程中各投入产出因素的冗余率或不足率提出改善途径。研究结果表明,从全国来看,研究期间中国粮食生态效率总体呈缓慢上升趋势,粮食主产区生态效率增长幅度明显;从地区来看,东北地区、中部地区、西部地区和东部地区粮食生态效率依次递减;从省市自治区来看,上海、西藏、青海、吉林和新疆等省市自治区的粮食生态效率较高,而山西、甘肃、广东、浙江、河北和陕西等省份的粮食生态效率相对较低;中国粮食生态效率较低的原因,主要在于资源投入过多和污染排放指标较高,降低粮食生产的资源消耗和污染排放是提高中国粮食生态效率的主要途径。

Grain eco-efficiency is an important index to measure the coordination of grain production and environment.The non-point source pollution was included in the estimation system of the grain eco-efficiency.The improved SBM-DEA was used to estimate the grain eco-efficiency in 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of China from 2006 to 2015.According to the redundancy rate and deficiency rate of each input-output factor in the production process,the improvement ways of grain eco-efficiency in China were proposed.The results showed that,from the national point of view,the overall grain eco-efficiency in China increased slowly,but the ecological efficiency in the major grain-producing areas increased significantly during the study period.From the perspective of area,the grain eco-efficiency in the northeast,central,western and eastern regions decreased in order.From the perspective of provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,the grain eco-efficiency was higher in Shanghai,Tibet,Qinghai,Jilin and Xinjiang,and relatively lower in Shanxi,Gansu,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Hebei and Shaanxi.The reasons for the low grain eco-efficiency in China mainly lie in the excessive input of resources and the higher pollution emission.Reducing the resource consumption and pollution discharge in the process of food production is the main way to improve the grain eco-efficiency in China.