高校医学本科生死亡态度调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on the death attitude of medical undergraduates and analysis of its influencing factors in colleges and universities

目的调查高校医学本科生的死亡态度,并分析其影响因素。方法选取广东药科大学全日制本科二年级及以上医学生406名,采用一般资料调查问卷及汉化死亡态度描绘量表-修订版(DAP-R)进行调查。结果高校医学本科生死亡态度得分由高到低依次为自然接受、死亡逃避、死亡恐惧、趋近接受、逃离接受。个体因素方面,男生和女生的"自然接受"和"趋近接受"得分差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);农村地区和城市地区生源学生的"自然接受"得分差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);独生子女和非独生子女的"逃离接受"得分差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);有无宗教信仰的"趋近接受"得分差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。社会环境因素方面,近期有无经历亲友离世学生的"死亡恐惧"得分差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);有无临终照护经历学生的"趋近接受"得分差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论高校医学本科生死亡态度较好,但仍存在不愿意直面死亡及面对死亡时会产生恐惧心理。医学院校应结合影响死亡态度的主要因素,积极开展生命教育以帮助医学生树立正确的生命观。

Objective To investigate the death attitude of medical undergraduates in colleges and universities,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Totally 406 full-time medical sophomores,junior and senior undergraduates were selected in Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,and were surveyed by the questionnaire about general data and Chinese version of death attitude profile-revised(DAP-R).Results The scores of death attitude of medical undergraduates ranged from high to low were natural acceptance,death avoidance,fear of death,approach acceptance,and escape acceptance in turn.In terms of individual factors,significant differences were shown between the schoolboys and schoolgirls regarding natural acceptance and approach acceptance(P<0.05),between the students in rural areas and those in urban areas regarding natural acceptance(P<0.05),between only children and non-only children regarding escape acceptance(P<0.05)and between the students with religious belief and those without regarding approach acceptance(P<0.05).In terms of social environmental factors,significant differences were shown between the students experiencing the death of relatives and friends and those who didn't experience regarding fear of death(P<0.05),and between the students with the experience of hospice care and those without regarding approach acceptance(P<0.05).Conclusion Medical undergraduates have a good attitude towards death,but they are still unwilling to face death.Medical colleges and universities should carry out life education to help students to establish the correct view of life.