茶树成花机理研究进展

Recent Advances on Tea Flowering Mechanisms

开花是植物进入生殖生长的重要标志,花器官的形成在遗传信息传递中起重要作用。茶树是起源于我国西南地区的重要经济作物,具有开花多、花期长的特点。生产上,茶树旺盛的生殖生长会消耗大量营养,影响茶叶的产量和品质。而在杂交育种中,茶树又具有自交不亲和与结实率低等特点。对茶树成花机理的研究有助于深入了解茶树花芽分化和发育的时间、影响因素及分子调控机制,为茶树良种选育、绿色高效生产和育种效率提高等提供理论基础。目前对茶树成花机理的研究已取得一定进展,但还不够深入和系统。本文结合其他植物成花调控最新研究进展,从开花诱导、花芽分化与发育机制方面对茶树开花相关研究取得的进展进行了综述,以期对目前存在的问题和未来研究方向提供有益思考。

Flowering is an important sign of changing to reproductive growth for plants.Therefore,the formation of flower organs is important for the transmission of genetic information.Tea plant is a valuable cash crop species originated from the southwestern China,whose active blossoms last a long period.In production,the consumption of large amount of nutrients by exuberant reproductive growth seriously affects the yield and quality of tea.On the contrary,in cross breeding,tea plant has the features of self-incompatibility and low seed fertility.In order to gain insight into the timetable of floral bud differentiation and development,influencing factors and molecular regulation mechanisms,it is necessary to disclose the flowering mechanism of tea plant to provide a theoretical basis for fine breeding,high-efficiency production and improving breeding efficiency.Currently,researches on tea plant flowering had made some progresses,but not deep and systematic enough.This paper introduced recent advances in flowering regulation in tea plant and other plant species,flower bud differentiation and floral development.Useful thoughts for current problems and future research directions in tea plant flowering were also provided.