中国山洪沟现状及防洪治理对策

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Flash Flood Gulley Control in China

为了推动重点山洪沟治理项目更好地开展,与所在小流域的监测预警系统和群测群防体系等相结合,形成综合防御体系,通过数据分析、案例研究、现场调研、经验总结等方法,在阐述山洪沟定义的基础上,综述国内外山洪沟治理研究技术,介绍我国重点山洪沟治理项目的现状,共规划治理山洪灾害危害重的重点山洪沟1 664条,建设了适合我国国情的专群结合的山洪灾害防治体系,发挥了显著的防灾减灾效益,然后从治理特点、治理部署特点、治理技术特点等方面进行分析。结果表明:中国山洪沟的整体分布、危害情况等与山洪灾害防治区基本一致,具有覆盖范围广、投资力度大、治理任务重、发生灾害频繁、基础防御能力低、人类活动影响严重等特点。结合山洪沟治理存在的问题,提出密切结合非工程措施,管理和监督共同推进,多渠道筹集资金,建立激励机制,强化技术、法律、宣传等措施,以期实现最大限度地减少人民生命财产损失。

In order to better promote the development of the key flash flood gulley control project , a comprehensive defense system has been formed in combination with the monitoring and early warning system and mass observation and mass preparedness system in the small water-sheds. Based on the data analysis , case study , field investigation , experience summarization etc., the paper expounded the definition , sum-marized the research technology of flash flood gulley control at home and abroad and introduced the current situation of key flash flood gulley control project in China , which had planned to control a total of 1 664 key mountain flood gullies with severe floods. It had creatively con-structed the special flash flood prevention system which played a significant role in flash flood disaster prevention. Then the paper analyzed from the governance characteristics , deployment characteristics and technology characteristics of the flash flood gulley. The results are as fol-lows , the overall distribution of flash flood gullies is basically consistent with the flash flood prevention area. It has the characteristics of wide coverage , large investment , heavy management task , frequent occurrence of disasters , low basic defense capability and serious human activi-ties etc. Finally , combining with the problems of the construction of flash flood gulley control , it puts forward that the measures such as non-project construction , management and supervision should be carried out in close cooperation , raise funds through various channels , establish incentive mechanism , strengthen technology , law , and publicity etc , all of the above contributed to achieve the maximum reduction of peo-ple ' s lives and property losses.