2012年～2016年上海市杨浦区学龄前儿童视力状况分析

Eyesight analysis of preschool children in Yangpu district of Shanghai in 2012 ～ 2016

目的:了解2012年～2016年上海市杨浦区学龄前儿童视力的状况,为学龄前儿童视力矫正及防治提供依据和对策。方法:以幼儿园为单位,用随机整群抽样的方法抽取2012年～2016年杨浦区108所幼儿园小班至大班儿童,共21 215人次,进行裸眼视力检查,并对检查数据进行分析。结果:2012年～2016年,共检出视力不良3 590人次,占总人次的16. 9%。男、女儿童视力不良检出率分别为16. 7%、17. 2%,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。年龄不足4岁的儿童视力不良检出率为12. 6%,4～5岁儿童为14. 2%,6岁及以上儿童为19. 5%,各年龄组间视力不良率的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=132. 622,P <0. 05),线性趋势检验结果表明视力不良率有随年龄增加而升高的趋势(χ2=123. 365,P <0. 05)。结论:本次调查显示学龄前儿童视力不良率随年龄增加而升高,男、女儿童视力不良率差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。学龄前期是儿童视觉发育的关键时期,儿童视力受多方面因素影响。对学龄前儿童视力状况进行定期检查,并及时纠正视力不良,以期预防和控制视力不良,促进儿童健康成长。

Objective To analyze the condition of eyesight dysfunction of preschool children in Shanghai Yangpu district in2012~2016,and to provide bases and countermeasures for prophylaxis and treatment of preschool children.Method In 2012~2016,random cluster sampling was performed among 108 kindergartens in Yangpu district.21 215 preschool children from 108 kindergartens were chosen and performed naked eyesight examination,the results of which were analyzed by comparison.Results In 2012~2016,a total of 3 590 cases of vision impairment were detected,accounting for 16.9%of the total number of visitors.The rate of abnormal vision acuity in boys and girls were 16.7%and 17.2%,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant.the rate of abnormal vision acuity among preschool children was 12.6%(less than 4 years old),14.2%(4~5 years old),19.5%(more than 6 years old).The rate of abnormal vision acuity of preschool children increased with age.The difference of the sick rate between different ages was statistically significant(χ~2=132.622,P<0.05).Linear trend test results indicate that the rate of abnormal vision acuity had increased with age(χ~2=123.365,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of abnormal vision acuity of preschool children increased with age,there was no significant difference in the rate of abnormal vision acuity between males and females.Preschool age is a critical period for children’s visual development,and vision is affected by many factors.Regular examination for preschool children to get to know the eyesight condition and make corrections when appropriate can effectively prevent and control the current poor vision condition,and enhance the recovery of preschool children’s eyesight.