中国驴子畜牧史考述

Study on China's Donkey Husbandry History

西汉时期,驴子沿着丝绸之路从中亚进入陕西关中地区,后来传播到中国各地。东汉,驴子在华北平原基本普及。三国鼎立之际,驴子传入江南地区。南北朝时,驴子在江南地区基本普及。唐代,驴子传到了云贵地区。宋代,驴子进入东北地区。至清代,驴子在中国的传播历程基本完成。驴子在中国的传播路线大致有两条:一条是陕西—四川—云贵的西南路线;另一条是由中原向南方传播的路线。目前,中国驴主要集中于黄河中下游地区、新疆以及河西走廊。在长期的饲养过程中,人们在驴子良种鉴定、饲养繁育、疾病诊治等方面积累了一系列技术经验,促进了驴子在各地的传播。

In the Western Han Dynasty,donkeys entered the central region of Shaanxi along the Silk Road from Central Asia,and then quickly spread to all parts of China.Donkeys were widely used in the North China Plain in the Eastern Han Dynasty.In the Northern and Southern Dynasties,donkeys were popularized in south of the Yangtze River.In the Tang Dynasty,donkeys spread to Yunnan and Guizhou areas.In the Song Dynasty,donkeys were introduced into the northeast area.The spreading and localization of donkeys in China were almost completed in the Qing Dynasty.There were roughly two routes in China for donkey spreading:one was the south-west route of“Shaanxi-Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan”,and the other was the route from the Central Plains to the south region,that is,“the Shaanxi-North China Plain-the Yangtze River basin-the South”.At present,donkeys are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,Xinjiang province and the Hexi Corridor in Gansu province.A series of techniques have been accumulated by Chinese people in the course of donkeys’species identification,breeding and propagation,disease diagnosis and treatment,contributing to the wide spread of donkeys across China.