崇文与尚武:徽州与淮河民风文化之辨——基于长时段的历史考察

Advocacy of Literacy or Militarism: Debate of Huizhou Culture and Huaihe Culture Based on Long-Term Historical Investigations

就徽州文化与淮河文化来说,在历史上两者之间存在诸多迥异之处,即便现当代时期也有些许差异。从传统习俗和行为规范言之,徽州与淮河文化间差异较大,尤其是在20世纪中叶之前的历史时期,徽州崇文,淮河尚武,两者泾渭分明。当然,徽州的崇文与淮河的尚武也不是绝对的分立。徽州社会也有重武的风气,只不过没有淮域那么明显,以至"名"闻遐迩;淮域也曾人杰迭出,只不过没有徽州那么昭彰,雅文之风遮盖在好勇斗狠的社风之下。另外,徽州的重文之气和淮域的尚武之风也呈现于不同的历史时段,有着逐渐演化的漫长过程。历史早期,淮域文化远胜过徽州山越文化,两地的"文""武"文化分野主要在靖康之乱后,明清时期最为凸显。不过,北宋可算得上两地文化同辉的时代。

There were many differences between Huizhou culture and Huaihe culture in ancient times.Even in modern times,some minor differences still exist.In terms of the traditional customs and behavior norms,there were big and remarkable differences,especially before the 1950s.People living in Huizhou area advocated literacy,while people living in Huaihe area preferred militarism.Of course,these two cultures were not separated absolutely.In fact,some people in Huizhou area also advocated militarism but not so obviously.In the meantime,there were many scholars in Huaihe area,although they were not so famous as those in the Huizhou area.In addition,the literacy atmosphere in Huizhou and militarism atmosphere in Huaihe existed in different periods,which evolved gradually for a long time.In the early times,Huaihe culture surpassed Huizhou culture.The separation of these two cultures appeared after Jingkang Event(A.D.1126-1127),especially in Ming and Qing Dynasties.But both cultures flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty.