土壤中重金属污染的植物修复强化技术概览

Enhanced Phytoremediation Technology of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil:A Review

土壤中重金属残留会严重破坏土壤环境,直接威胁到农作物及食品的安全,进而会影响到人类的生产和生活,因此对重金属污染土壤进行修复和治理十分必要。植物修复是一种有着广阔应用前景、环境友好型的原位修复技术。在分析土壤中重金属来源的基础上,展现了不同类型植物材料的优缺点及其对土壤中重金属的处理能力,并针对植物修复技术面临的问题,探讨了化学措施、生物措施、农艺措施和基因工程等几种主要植物修复强化技术的作用机制、研究现状及其优缺点,重点分析了在植物修复技术中各种强化技术措施的发展现状及其存在的弊端,并对未来植物修复强化技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Residues of heavy metal in soil can seriously damage the soil environment,directly threatening the safety of crops and food,and thus affecting human production and life.Therefore,it is necessary to repair and remediate contaminated soil.Phytoremediation is an environmental friendly in-situ remediation technology with broad application prospects.Based on the analysis of the source of heavy metal in the contaminated soil,the paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of different types of plant materials,and discusses the mechanism,research status and merits and drawbacks of several major enhanced phytoremediation technology,including chemical,microbiological,agronomic and genetic engineering and other methods.It highlights the development status of the enhanced phytoremediation technology and some shortcomings of various measures.The paper also prospects the development direction of related technologies in the future.