国防工程中烟气毒害程度的评价方法研究

Evaluation Methods of Smoke Toxicity in Defense Engineering

综合考虑火灾时人员疏散过程中时间、位置和烟气成分浓度三个因素,提出了国防工程火灾疏散过程中人员遭受到烟气毒害程度的评价模型,模型的评价指标是一个无量纲数,将其定义为毒害指数,该指数是人员逃生时遭受到的烟气毒害量与人员可接受的烟气极限毒害量的比值,可用于评价国防工程火灾疏散过程中人员遭受到的烟气毒害量是否超过耐受极限;根据提出的烟气毒害程度评价模型,分别计算疏散开始时间和疏散行动时间内人员遭受到的烟气毒害量,结果表明疏散开始时间内烟气的毒害量要大于疏散行动时间内的烟气毒害量,缩短疏散开始时间意义重大;全封闭型走廊中人员遭受的CO_2毒害量大于人员可接受的CO_2毒害量,对人员疏散影响较大;人员疏散时间内,CO_2的毒害程度大于CO。该研究可为火灾疏散过程中人员毒性评价研究提供参考。

This paper comprehensively considers the three factors of time,location and concentration of smoke constituents in the process of fire evacuation,and proposes an evaluation model for the degree of smoke toxicity during the fire evacuation.The indicator of the model is a dimensionless number called the index of poison,which is the ratio of the amount of smoke poison suffered by the person to escape and the amount of acceptable poison.It can be used to evaluate whether the amount of smoke poisoned by the person during the evacuation of the defense engineering fire exceeds the tolerance limit.According to the proposed smoke toxicity evaluation model,the paper calculates the toxicity of the smoke suffered by personnel during the evacuation start time and the evacuation action time.The results show that the amount of the smoke poisoning during the evacuation start time is greater than that during the evacuation action time,which means shortening the evacuation start time is of great significance;The amount of carbon dioxide poisoning suffered by people in totally enclosed corridors is greater than the acceptable amount of toxicants,which has a greater impact on the evacuation of people;during the evacuation time,carbon dioxide is more toxic than carbon monoxide.The study can provide a reference for the study of toxicity assessment in evacuation.