基于产业代码和非营利组织分类的美国科技社团规模分析

Scale Analysis of American Scientific and Technological Societies Based on NAICS,Tax-Exempt Organization Determination and NTEE-CC

美国是科技大国,科技社团在促进其科技发展中发挥了重要作用。目前,有关美国科技社团的研究大多集中在具体科技社团的案例分析,对于总体的规模和特点缺乏探讨。本文以美国在税收部门登记的非营利组织名录为基础,利用北美产业分类体系(NAICS)、非营利组织税收标准和国家免税组织分类核心编码(NTEE-CC)制定分类标准,对名录进行筛选,确定美国科技社团的数量和名录。经估测,美国科技社团的数量在3000家左右,学科分布广泛,一半以上能够享受额外的税收优惠,注册地集中在科技和经济水平都比较发达的地区。通过确定数量和名录,本文将对美国科技社团研究的视角从微观转向宏观,从个体转向总体,在明确发展特点之后,为从总体视角对美国科技社团进行研究提供了基础。

American is outstanding in science and technology. Scientific and technological societies have played important roles in promoting the development of science and technology. Presently, most of the researches about American scientific and technological societies focus on the micro angles and cases analysis, the overall scale is not discussed. This paper uses the North American Industry Classification System( NAICS), Tax-Exempt Organization Determination and National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities-Core Codes(NTEE-CC) to select scientific and technological societies from all the registered NGOs in America. According to the research, more than 3000 American scientific and technological societies are distributed in different disciplines. More than half of them are 501( C)(3) organizations. The scientific and technological societies registered places are relatively to the development of science and economy. According to determine the numbers and names of American scientific and technological societies, this paper turns the research perspective from micro to macro, and provides a basis for the study of the development process, distribution characteristics and subject scope of American scientific and technological societies.