国家与农民分配关系的变迁与分析

The Evolvement and Analysis of the Distribution Relationship Between State and Farmers

国家与农民的分配关系是整个国民收入分配的基础。改革开放以来,工业化、市场化、城镇化进程深刻影响了国家与农民的分配关系,城乡二元结构是决定两者分配关系的关键因素。建立在二元所有制基础上的二元经济结构、二元身份基础上的二元社会结构都使得农民在国民收入分配中处于不利地位。重塑国家与农民分配关系应该立足城乡一体化发展要求,不能只是瞄准"收入"单一指标,应该在收入、财产和消费相互关联的三个层次上处理好收入流量与财产存量、公共消费与人力资本积累的关系。让农民能够在产权制度改革、户籍制度改革、工资制度改革、金融制度改革等一系列改革进程中分享更大红利。

The distribution relationship between the State and farmers is the cornerstone of whole national income. Since the reform and opening-up, industrialization, marketization, urbanization profoundly affects the distribution relationship between the State and farmers, the urban and rural dual structure plays a critical role in the relationship. Dual economic structure, identity identification based on urban and rural dual structure disadvantage farmers' gain in national income distribution. Reorganizing the distribution relationship between the State and farmers should be considered on the integrating development in urban and rural, not only gauge the simple "Income" measure, but also coordinate the three levels of income, property and consumption thus handle the relationship among income inflows, property stock, public consumption and human capital accumulation. With all these, farms can gain the reform surplus better in the series reforms as proprietary system, household registration, payroll system and financial system.