医务人员生活方式行为与健康状况的调查研究

Investigation and study on lifestyle behaviors and health status of hospital medical staff

目的调查医务人员生活方式行为与健康状况,探讨影响其健康状况的相关因素。方法 2014年11月—2015年11月,采用第四军医大学梁英生活行为方式调查问卷对上海交通大学附属第一人民医院454名医务人员进行生活方式行为和健康状况调查,应用Logistic回归分析探讨影响其健康状况的相关因素。结果女性医务人员有健康问题的比例高于男性医务人员(P<0.01),男、女性医务人员在水果摄入、钠盐摄入、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠质量、工作时间、工作强度、工作用电脑时间和职业危害因素等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。睡眠质量、工作时间和职业危害因素接触是影响医务人员健康状况的相关因素(P<0.05)。应用Logistic回归预测模型预测健康问题发生情况,如果医务人员睡眠质量差,接触职业危害因素,则健康问题发生的概率为42.9%。结论改善医务人员的睡眠质量,减少职业危害因素接触,做好职业防护可有效改善医务人员的健康状况。

Objective To explore the lifestyle behaviors and health status of hospital medical staff and the related factors. Methods A total of 454 medical workers in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were investigated by a lifestyle behavior questionnaire from November 2014 to November 2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relevant factors affecting the health status of medical staff. Results There were 388 females (85.5%) and 66 males (14.5%) with an average age of 31.2 years. The proportion of females with health problems was higher than that of males (P﹤0.01). There were significant differences in fruit intake, sodium intake, drinking, smoking, sleep quality, working hours, working intensity, computer time for work and occupational hazards between male and female medical workers (P﹤0.05). Sleep quality, working hours and exposure to occupational hazards were the influencing factors of health status of medical staff. Logistic regression prediction model was used to predict the occurrence of health problems. If the medical staff had poor sleep quality, and were exposed to occupational hazards, the probability of occurrence of health problems achieved 42.9%. Conclusion Improving sleeping quality, reducing exposure to occupational hazards and enhancing occupational protection can effectively improve the health status of medical staff.