论严羽的辨体观

On Yan Yu's View of Distinguishing Verse Styles

严羽认为"作诗正须辨尽诸家体制,然后不为旁门所惑",即便否定严羽诗学观念者也认为辨体是其"用功之阶梯","一生学问最得意处"。体制是学诗者进入诗歌殿堂的入门阶梯,严羽辨体是为了让学诗者从这个角度入手开始学习诗歌。他的辨体观蕴含了其主张恢复诗体纯净性、以盛唐为法、推原汉魏、扬唐抑宋的诗歌观念。通过重新审视和剖析严羽的辨体观,发现其辨体既有现实针对性,也蕴含和体现了其与时代迥异的诗学史观,看似矛盾,实则反映了严羽对汉魏诗的偏好和对儒学诗教观的疏离,其推崇盛唐的主张,实际上也从侧面反映了对本朝文化自信力不足的心态。

Yan Yu believes that"it is necessary for poets to distinguish different verse styles firstly and then they will not be confused by heterodoxies".Even the naysayers of Yan Yu's poetics admit that distinguishing verse styles was Yan Yu's secret weapon to learn poetry and also the best fruit of his study.The study of verse style supplies an instrument for the beginner to enter the hall of poetry.Poetry learners are expected to begin their study in this way by Yan Yu.Yan Yu's view of distinguishing verse styles contains his proposals to retain the purity of verse style by taking the poems in the Tang dynasty as a standard,pushing forward the poems in the Han dynasty and the Wei dynasty and developing Tang poems while restraining Song lyrics.The results of the study show that Yan Yu's view of distinguishing verse styles contains not only a realistic pertinence but also his poetics of history which is absolutely different from the age.It seems contradictory,but actually reflects Yan Yu's preference of the poems in the Han and Wei dynasties and the alienation of Confucianism poetics.His adoring for Tang poems indicates a lack of confidence in the culture of the dynasty.