湖北恩施地区蕨类植物区系研究

Studies on characteristics of pteridophyte flora of the Enshi region in Hubei Province,China

蕨类植物是森林植被中草本层的重要组成部分,对森林的生长发育有重大影响。本研究在搜集文献、野外调查和采集标本的基础上,对湖北恩施地区蕨类植物区系成分及特点进行研究。结果显示:(1)恩施地区蕨类植物共有39科96属380种,其中中国特有种106种;该地区蕨类植物起源古老,物种分化水平较高,优势科属明显、物种丰富、组成多样,是蕨类植物物种多样性的典型代表地区之一。(2)该地区稀子蕨属、荚果蕨属、黔蕨属和骨牌蕨属种类齐全、分布广泛,是这些属的分化和分布中心。(3)该地区蕨类植物生活类型齐全,以土生为主(占81.36%)。(4)恩施地区在中国蕨类植物地理区系中占有重要地位,该地区蕨类植物科属以泛热带区系成分相对较多,总体偏热带区系成分;物种以温带亚洲、东亚和中国特有分布型为主(占60.79%),具有显著的亚热带性质。(5)恩施蕨类植物区系与其他地区联系广泛,过渡性比较明显,尤其与四川地区联系紧密。

Pteridophytes are an important herb layer in forest vegetation and have great impact on the growth and development of forests.Based on specimen collection and field investigation,the floristic composition and characteristics of pteridophytes were studied in the Enshi area,Hubei Province,China.Results showed that:(1)There are 380 species belonging to 39 families and 96 genera of ferns in the Enshi region,including 106 endemic species to China.The fern plants in this area have ancient origins,high species differentiation and diversity,obvious dominant families and genera,and high species richness.Thus,this is a typical area of pteridophyte diversity.(2)The genera Monachosorum,Matteuccia,Phanerophlebiopsis,and Lepidogrammitis are widely distributed,with the Enshi area being the center of differentiation and distribution of these genera.(3)The pteridophyte life forms in the area are mainly soil growing type,which accounting for 81.36%.(4)The Enshi area plays an important role in the geographical flora of Chinese ferns.The pteridophytes in the area are predominantly tropical flora with pantropic distribution of families and genera.The dominant species are temperate Asia,East Asia,and China distribution type,with 60.79%exhibiting obvious subtropical characteristics.(5)The pteridophyte flora in Enshi is widely linked and transitional in nature and is especially close to the flora of Sichuan.