我国高放废液中铯分离研究进展

Progress on Partitioning of Cesium From High Level Liquid Waste in China

由于高放废液的放射性强、毒性大、组成复杂,从高放废液中分离铯是一个世界性难题。多年来国内外研究者一直在探索研究从高放废液中分离铯的方法,开发适合工业应用的铯分离技术,以解决从高放废液中分离铯的难题。一方面,我国现存的生产堆高放废液,浓缩倍数大、盐分高、放射性强,长期贮存风险大,需要进行妥善处理;另一方面,随着我国核电的快速发展和民用核燃料后处理的工业化,动力堆高放废液的处理问题也日益突出。针对这些需求,我国科技工作者们开展了大量从高放废液中分离铯的研究工作,取得了系列研究成果。近几十年来我国主要开展了离子交换、萃取色层和溶剂萃取分离高放废液中铯的研究,先后开发了亚铁氰化钛钾离子交换分离工艺以及杯芳烃冠醚萃取分离工艺,并进行了热实验验证以及台架实验。杯芳烃冠醚从高放废液中萃取分离铯的工作不但具备了工程应用的技术条件,也走在了世界前列。

Due to the strong radioactivity, high toxicity and complex composition of high level liquid waste (HLLW), it is a worldwide problem to separate cesium from HLLW. For many years, scientists all over the world have been exploring methods to separate cesium from HLLW, in an effort to find a suitable separation technology of cesium for industrial applications, to solve the problem of cesium separation from HLLW. On the one hand, China’s existing defense HLLW with high concentration, high salt content and strong radioactivity needs to be properly treated and disposed to avoid the long-term storage risk. On the other hand, with the rapid development of nuclear power and the industrialization of commercial spent fuel reprocessing in China, the treatment and disposal of HLLW has become increasingly prominent. To meet these requirements, Chinese scientists finished a lot of research work on the separation of cesium from HLLW and obtained a series of achievements. In recent decades, ion-exchange, extraction chromatography and solvent extraction were mainly applied to separate cesium from HLLW in China. Ion-exchange technology based potassium titanium hexacyanoferrate and solvent extraction method based calixcrown were developed successively and tested in hot test and pilot facility. The technology of calixcrown extraction cesium(CCEC) from HLLW not only meets the requirement of industrial application, but also is in the forefront of the world.