拱卫京师:清代畿辅粮食种植结构优化及其意义

Defending the Capital:Significance for Grain Planting Structure Optimization of Zhili Province in Qing Dynasty

粮食种植结构是农业生产发展的重要体现,在传统农业社会中尤为重要,对社会经济发展与百姓生活影响较大。有清一代,在自然环境与社会发展的共同作用下,畿辅粮食种植结构不断变迁,进一步向多元化发展,高产抗灾作物种植不断增加。小麦主粮地位进一步稳固,粟米种植比重有所下降,豆类种植面积不断增加,高粱、玉米和甘薯迅速崛起,水稻呈现政策性波动。粮食种植结构的不断优化,对保证京师粮食安全、维护社会稳定意义重大。

Grain planting structure is an important embodiment of the agricultural production,especially in the traditional agricultural society,which has a great impact on social and economic development and people's lives.In the Qing Dynasty,with the influence of natural environment and social development,the grain planting structure of Zhili province continuously changed and diversified,and the planting of high-yield and disaster-resistant crops were on the increase.The status of wheat as the staple food grain was further stabilized;the proportion of millet planting decreased,the area of legumes planting increased steadily;the sorghum,corn and sweet potato rose rapidly and rice yields fluctuated with government policy.The continuous optimization of grain planting structure was of great significance for ensuring grain security and maintaining social stability in the capital,Beijing.