20世纪70年代到21世纪初期沙特“小麦自给”政策评析

Analysis and Comment on Saudi's Wheat Self-Sufficiency Policy from 1970s to the Beginning of 21^(st) Century

沙特农业长期受土地、水源等客观条件的束缚,发展缓慢。20世纪70年代,沙特凭借石油财富大力发展农业,为农业发展提供各项经济和技术支持。在此背景下,20世纪70～80年代沙特农业发展迅速,并实现了小麦自给的目标。然而沙特粮食生产缺乏稳定性、内在驱动性,而不合理的生产方式也造成了资源环境的破坏,因而20世纪90年代沙特小麦生产出现倒退趋势。鉴于粮食减产,沙特政府逐步放弃了粮食自给的政策,开始增加进口也寻求海外的粮食发展计划。沙特农业发展历程带给我们很多启示:农业发展要发挥比较优势,要同资源环境相协调并采取集约化的农业发展模式。

Restrained by objective conditions such as land and water for a long time,the agriculture of Saudi Arabia has developed very slowly.In the 1970s,Saudi Arabia relied on oil wealth to provide economic and technical support for agricultural development.In this context,agriculture in Saudi developed rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s and achieved the self-sufficiency of wheat.However,there were many problems in agriculture,such as lack of stability and internal drive,the contradiction between food production and environment,causing the reduction of wheat since1990s.The Saudi government abandoned the policy of wheat self-sufficiency and began to increase imports and seek overseas food development plans.The process of Saudi agriculture suggests that agricultural development should draw on comparative advantages,coordinate with the resource and environment,and adopt an intensive agricultural development model.