古代农时节令谚的文化考察

Cultural Investigation of Ancient Farming Seasonal and Solar Term Proverbs

农时节令谚,是中国古代劳动人民关于季节、气候、物候变化在农事活动的经验积累和智慧结晶的概括和总结,这些谚语满足千家万户在农耕、渔猎、外出等方面的需求。这些古代劳动人民看天经验的总结,主要体现在天象占验、节令占验、月令占验、其他杂占四个方面;这些农时节令谚不仅是中国久远的农耕文化和文明的见证,也是我国古代气象科学的辉煌成就。时至今日,这些广泛流传于南方稻作区的农时节令谚,仍具有科学实践应用价值和指导意义。

Farming season and solar term proverbs are the generalization and summary of the accumulated experience and shared wisdom of the laboring people of ancient China on seasons,climates and phenological changes in agricultural activities.These proverbs meet the needs of thousands of households in farming,fishing and hunting,and travelling.The summary of the ancient working people’s experience sky-watching is mainly embodied in four aspects:astronomical phenomena observation,seasonal phenomena observation,phenology observation of lunar month,and other observation.The ancient farming seasonal and solar term proverbs,not only the witness of China’s long-standing farming culture and civilization,but also the brilliant achievement of ancient meteorological science,are widely spread in southern rice-growing areas up to now with scientific practical value and guiding significance.