基于国家海洋治理和全球气候变化的我国海洋灾害防治

Marine Disaster Prevention in China Based on National Marine Governance and Global Climate Change

为建立和完善现代化的海洋灾害防治体系,提高我国海洋治理和应对全球气候变化的能力,文章以全球治理和国家治理为背景,在明确致灾因子、承灾体、灾害以及灾害风险和管理等基本概念及其内涵的基础上,分析全球气候变化背景下我国海洋灾害及其风险的特征以及海洋灾害防治的关键性和基础性科学问题,并提出我国构建海洋灾害防治体系的建议。研究结果表明:在全球气候变化的影响下,我国沿海地区的海洋灾害风险复杂多变且有所提升;提出以群-环-域为主体的体系架构,研究全球气候变化与区域海洋的响应和反馈、全球气候变化背景下海洋灾害与风险的特征和规律以及综合海洋灾害风险评估和海洋灾害防治等问题;在我国构建海洋灾害防治体系的过程中,应加强科学研究以及技术和信息支撑、促进区域和全球联动联防以及提高全社会对海洋灾害的认知和防范水平。

In order to establish and improve modern marine disaster prevention system and improve China′s marine governance and ability of responding to global climate change,global governance and national governance were taken as the background in this paper,to analyze the characteristics of marine disasters and risks in China under the background of global climate change,on the basis of defining relevant concepts and connotations of hazard factors,hazard bearing body,disasters and the risk and management,etc.,as well as the key and basic scientific issues of marine disaster resistance and governance.Suggestions on the construction of marine disaster governance system in China were put forward.The results showed that,under the influence of global climate change,the risk of marine disasters in China′s coastal areas was complex and various and had been increasing.Systemic research architecture of group-ring-domain was proposed in the paper,which was committed to studies on the global climate change and the response and feedback of regional oceans,the characteristics and laws of marine disasters under the background of global climate change,as well as comprehensive marine disaster risk assessment and marine disaster governance.In the process of establishing marine disaster governance system in China,scientific research,technical and information support should be strengthened,to promote regional and global joint preventions,and improve the whole society′s awareness and prevention level of marine disasters.