“一般文学”的退场与“世界文学”的兴盛

The Exit of General Literature and the Prosperity of World Literature

近年来,随着全球化的推进,比较文学界中"一般文学"(General Literature)的退场与"世界文学"(World Literature)的纷争日益上升呈现出一种两极化的发展趋势。二者都属于比较文学中的重要概念,都是以欧洲为中心而提出的文学现象,且都着重关注文学中的"普遍性"原理;不同的是歌德的"世界文学"主要指向文学的交流,强调文学差异性,他异性;而"一般文学"则强调文学的总体性,关注文学理论的抽象概括。在以"对话"、"交流"为理念的全球化视域下,"一般文学"的抽象性必然导致其早早退场,而以交流、沟通为本质的"世界文学"则依旧被比较文学界所关注,成为学界经久不衰的讨论话题。

In recent years,with the development of globalization,the conflict between General Literature and world Literature in Comparative Literature has been increasingly outstanding.Both of them are important concepts in Comparative Literature.They both center on Europe,and focus on the principle of universality in literature.The difference is that Goethe's World Literature mainly points to literary communication,and emphasizes literary differences and otherness.General Literature emphasizes the general nature of literature and pays attention to the abstract generalization of literary theory.From the perspective of globalization with the concept of dialogue and communication,the abstract nature of General Literature inevitably leads to its early departure,while World Literature with the essence of communication is still concerned by the Comparative Literature and has become an enduring topic of discussion.