有轨电车轨道病害现场调研与分析

Site Investigation and Analysis of the Tramway Diseases

对国内运营3～4年的3个城市有轨电车线路现场调研发现,轨道主要病害包括:在平交道口位置,轨道周围沥青混凝土路面易发生开裂与破损,且路面与轨道易发生不均匀沉降;钢轨两侧的沥青混凝土路面易发生棱边破损;部分地段发生了轨面沉降而导致轴箱与底部结构物发生剐蹭;扣件罩顶部的路面易发生开裂与破坏;桥梁刚度过渡设置不合理易诱发扣件松动。对各种轨道病害的诱因进行分析,并提出相应的防治建议,如钢轨两侧采用预制型钢包边的钢筋混凝土板,在钢轨与预制混凝土板之间设置一定宽度的橡胶块;加强轨道与公路路面以及两种交通路基的匹配性设计。

Though the construction scale of tramcar transportation in China becomes larger and larger, the design of track and subgrade is at the exploratory stage. Tramways with 3-4 years’ operations from three different cities in China were explored in this study. Site investigation showed that at rail-highway crossing, cracking and breakage for bituminous concrete pavement around track were easily generated, and differential settlement for pavement and track was easy to be seen. Edge damage for the pavement at the sides of the rail was also included. Settlement of rail surface in some sections resulted in scratch between the axle box and objects under the axle box. Cracking and breakage for highway pavement were generated at the top of fastener cover. Unreasonable tramway foundation stiffness transition caused the fastener loose. All the track disease inducements were analyzed and corresponding prevention and control suggestions were given, such as adding precast reinforced concrete plate wrapped with profile steel on both sides of the rail, setting the rubber block between the rail and concrete plate, matching design between tramway and pavement, and strengthening the subgrade for both tramway and highway.