“发展型国家”的三次理论辩论:政府介入的必要性、有效性和时机

Three Great Debates over the Necessity and Efficacy of State Intervention: A Review of the Developmental State Literature

论文通过梳理"发展型国家"理论的经典文献,总结出该领域的三次理论辩论。三次辩论均围绕"政府介入的必要性与有效性"这一核心问题展开,只是侧重各有不同。第一次辩论的焦点是:对后发国家而言,政府介入是否必要?辩论发生于"有效市场"与"政府介入"两大阵营之间。第二次辩论的焦点是:"有效介入"的前提为何?辩论围绕"国家自主性"与"国家社会关系"展开。第三次辩论聚焦政府介入的时机,是否"追赶"介入、"领先"退隐,还是一直都需要"有为政府"的介入?在最近的辩论中,中国作为最重要、最典型的后进追赶案例备受关注。也因此,中国的发展关乎"发展型国家"理论能否复兴。如何促成既有理论与中国经验的对话,应该是中国学界不可回避的使命。论文的意义在于一方面从历史脉络条理出"发展型国家"的三次理论辩论,另一方面在此基础上帮助开展出结合中国经验的"发展型国家"研究。

In this review article,the author classified the research on the developmental states based on three great theoretical debates over the issue of the necessity and efficacy of state intervention.In the first debate,scholars disagreed about whether state intervention,especially for the latecomers,was necessary.The relative effectiveness of the market vis-a-vis the state in facilitating economic growth was the main focus.The second debate explored the premises of successful state intervention,such as state capacity,state autonomy,and how the state interacted with society.In the third debate,the timing of state intervention became the issue.Should the state intervene only in the early catching-up stage or throughout the leading stage?China became the central case in the third debate.Therefore,scholars should bring together the theoretical literature and the Chinese experience to further develop the theory of developmental states.To that end,it is appropriate to review the three great theoretical debates in the literature of developmental states.