美国未成年人父母监护资格的恢复及制度启示

Restoration of Parental Guardianship of Minors in the United States and its Institutional Inspiration

未成年人父母的监护资格被剥夺后,在适格的条件下可得以恢复。美国法强调国家公权力的介入,要求各州对监护资格受剥夺之父母进行"合理努力",并针对相关流程及服务内容设置具体规则,旨在矫正问题父母和实现家庭团圆。我国《民法总则》第38条虽已确认父母监护资格恢复制度,但其立法根据和实施机制不够充分,关于"确有悔改表现"的认定标准过于抽象,也未考虑国家公权力的进一步介入。鉴于《民法总则》第38条的未决问题,美国法的成熟经验值得我国借鉴。

After the parental guardianship of minors is deprived,it can be restored under proper conditions.The US law emphasizes the involvement of State power and requires the states to make“reasonable efforts”to parents whose guardianship is deprived.Specific rules are set for the procedures and the service provision,so as to promote the correction of problematic parents and realization of family unification.Article 38 of the General Principles of Civil Law of China confirms the restoration of parental guardianship;however,its legislative basis and implementation mechanism are insufficient.The criteria for determining the requirement of“true repentance performance”is still abstract.The further involvement of State power hasn’t been taken into account.Around the outstanding issues of Article 38,the mature experience of US law is worthy to be learned.