日本胚胎干细胞可专利性问题及其启示

The Patentability of Embryonic Stem Cells in Japan and its Enlightenment

日本专利法上有关胚胎干细胞发明的伦理观念曾发生过转变,并进行了部门法之间的协调。日本在胚胎干细胞发明实用性、创造性审查方面体现了特殊性,通过科技政策推动专利授权规则发展,并且较为合理地解决了发明专利授权与反垄断政策之间的互动问题。借鉴日本胚胎干细胞发明可专利性标准,我国应当从传统的抽象伦理观过渡到具体伦理观,注重科技政策与专利规则之间的协调,并适度拓展胚胎干细胞可专利性范围。

The ethical concept of embryonic stem cell invention in Japanese patent law has changed,with the coordination of different departmental laws on embryonic stem cells.Japan embodies its particularity in the practical and creative examination of embryonic stem cell inventions,promotes the development of patent licensing rules through industrial policies,and resolves the interaction between invention patent authorization and anti-monopoly policy.Drawing lessons from the patentability standards of Japanese embryonic stem cell inventions,China should transition from traditional abstract ethics to specific ethics,pay attention to the coordination between industrial policies and patent rules,and expand the patentability scope of embryonic stem cells appropriately.