环境治理结构与风险认知:两岸民众环保行动的比较

Environmental Governance Structure and Risk Perception——A Comparative Study on the Environmental Action across the Taiwan Strait

在面临严峻生态威胁以及环境污染的挑战下,公众参与环保行动所展现的社会力量,对环境治理具有重要意义。当全球化趋势下的民众环保认知意识转换为本土行动时,其形式、特征与内在动机将因不同的治理结构而展现出异质性。这一异质性背后的影响机制如何,值得关注。本研究将借助社会认知理论,分析两岸不同治理背景下民众环保行动决策的异质性。通过2010年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)与同期台湾地区社会变迁基本调查计划第六期第一次环境组的资料,研究发现除环境治理风险的实质性认知并未显著影响两岸民众的环保行动外,两岸民众的后物质主义观念以及社会信任对其行动产生了不同的影响。面对兼具不同特征的民众环保行动,政府未来的环境治理如何形成有效的公民参与,成为首先需要考虑的问题。

In the face of the challenges of severe ecological threat and environmental pollution,the social force of public participation in environmental protection operation is of great significance to environmental governance.When the public awareness of environmental protection is transformed into local action,its form,characteristics and intrinsic motivation will demonstrate its heterogeneity because of different governance structure.And the influencing mechanism behind this heterogeneity is worthy of our deep attention.With the help of social congnitive theory,this paper makes a detailed analysis of the heterogeneity of the environmental protection action decision-making under different governance background.Based on the data of the 2010 China General Social Survey(CGSS)and the first environmental group of the sixth issue of the Taiwan Social Change Survey,this study finds that the substantial cognition of the environmental governance risks does not significantly affect the environmental protection actions of the people on both sides of the Strait,but the post-materialistic concept and social trust between the two sides exert a different influence on their actions.Therefore,when we are faced with the public environmental protection actions with different characteristics,how to achieve the effective public participation in environmental protection actions becomes the most important issue to be considered in the future.