亚里士多德《论诗术》与小说艺术

Aristotle's Poetics and the Art of Fiction

?ποποι?α是《论诗术》中讨论的一个重要艺类,而《论诗术》中对这一艺类的表述却多有变化,理论展开颇有玄奥。《论诗术》1447a29—b2是《论诗术》解释史上的一个疑难语句,绝大多数注疏者均视此句中的?ποποι?α一词为衍,加以删除。本文从《论诗术》本身论述结构上的严格对应关系,认为?ποποι?α必不为衍;并根据《论诗术》特定解释传统的启发,揭示其中的隐微手法。释解1447a28—b2句意之疑难,廓清《论诗术》中?ποποι?α之名与义。名实相符,而后名正言顺,显豁出?ποποι?α在《论诗术》中严格的、深层次的理论意涵。以表明其为亚里士多德对我们今天称之为"叙事文学"这个大类进行探究的理论意旨,?ποποι?α可以囊括"小说"这样的艺类,并且在某些重要方面恰恰会显示出作为叙事文学成熟形态的小说的诸种特征。

εποπουαis an important species discussed in the Poetics,of which the corresponding expressions are full of change and abstrusity.In the Poetics 1447a28-b2,there is a notorious sentence which has been regarded by a large part of the book’s commentaries as difficult to protrude,so much so that many commentators took the wordεποπουαas redundant and deleted it indiscreetly.But considering its coherence with other parts of the work,it should absolutely be preserved.Under the light of some examples of reading the Poetics,the esoteric technique in this sentence could be revealed,the obscurity ofεποπουα’s meaning could be clarified andεποπουαas a name could be justified.Furthermore,once the relationship between the word,its meaning and its reality was established,the mentioned statement could be interpreted accordingly and even deeper aspects of its theory could be exposed.So to show that by the.ποποι.αAristotle’s theoretical intention aimed at what we today call narrative literature,so theεποπουαeven could include the literary form such as novel,and in some important aspects it would show many characteristics of novel as a mature form of narrative literature.