桂糖系列甘蔗亲本开花习性及其遗传分析

Flowering Habit and Heritability for GT Sugarcane Parents

为明确桂糖系列甘蔗亲本的开花习性,2011—2018年连续7个杂交季节对中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心海南甘蔗杂交基地的25个桂糖系列亲本的始花期、抽穗率和花粉染色率进行了调查和分析。结果表明,甘蔗亲本始花期、抽穗率和花粉染色率的广义遗传力分别为0.9502、0.9631和0.9236,均属遗传力较高的性状;始花期最早的亲本是桂糖28号,最迟的是桂糖11号,2011/2012年杂交季节各亲本的始花期普遍最早,2017/2018年杂交季各亲本的始花期普遍最晚;抽穗率低的亲本是桂糖11号、桂糖21号、桂糖32号、桂糖43号和桂糖47号,这5个亲本属于难开花亲本,其余20个亲本均属于易开花亲本;花粉染色率低的亲本是桂糖24号、桂糖34号、桂糖45号和桂糖48号,这4个亲本的花粉染色率历年均低于30%,杂交时只能作为母本,桂糖28号、桂糖41号和桂糖44号的花粉染色率最高。以上结果为桂糖系列甘蔗亲本的杂交育种工作提供重要的依据。

In order to clarify the flowering habits for GT sugarcane parents, the initial flowering time, heading rate and pollen dyeing rate for 25 GT parents were investigated and analyzed among 2011.2018 crossing seasons at Hainan Sugarcane Crossing Station of Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that broad-sense heritability of the initial flowering time, the heading rate and the pollen dyeing rate were 0.9502, 0.9631 and 0.9236, respectively, indicating that the three characters were of high heritability. The parent with the earliest first flowering time was GT28 and the parent with the latest first flowering time was GT11. Twenty-five parents had the earliest flowering time in 2011/2012 crossing season and the latest one in 2017/2018 crossing season. The parents with small heading rate were GT11, GT21, GT32, GT43 and GT47, belonging to difficult flowering parents, and the rest 20 parents were easy flowering parents. The parents with low pollen dyeing rates were GT24, GT34, GT45 and GT48, and the parents with high pollen dyeing rates were GT28, GT41 and GT44. These results would provide a useful reference for the crossing of GT sugarcane parents.