袁枚性灵诗学的时代文化内涵——兼论其人生选择的典型意义

On the Cultural Connotation of the Times of Yuanmei's Petics of Natural Disposition:A Concurrent Study on the Typical Significance of his Life Selection

清代中期袁枚的诗有江湖朴野之气,此种气息源于其身份和人生选择。袁枚辞官之原因是为了远离官场之尘杂,求身心之自由闲适。袁枚的性灵说,主张真性情,倡导灵机,反对复古,讲求新变,为其适意人生观在诗学上的表现。其理论不求深度,亦无系统,只是表达自己对社会人生的理解。他将六经视为圣人之末事,对考据持轻视态度。其对情欲的理解和实践,受到正统文人如章学诚的严厉指责。其性灵说和性灵诗,实为主动或被动疏离政治的文人心态的表现。袁枚的人生选择和文学观与姚鼐、厉鹗等有相似之处,与同时代的小说家吴敬梓、曹雪芹有更多的相通之处。

Yuan Mei’s poem had simple and wild characteristic.This kind of characteristic came from their identity and life choice.Yuan Mei resigned in order to stay away from the officialdom full of troubles and pursue the physical and mental freedom leisurely and comfortably.Yuan Mei advocated true nature and sudden inspiration,opposed the tendency towards idolizing the ancients,and encouraged new change.His Xing Ling Theory was the expression of his leisurely and comfortable outlook on life.His theory was neither deep nor systematic.He just expressed his understanding of social life.He regarded six classics as the minor matter of the ancient Chinese sages,and he despised textology.His idea of emotions and desires and his behavior were criticized by orthodox scholars such as Zhang Xuecheng.Yuan Mei’s Xing Ling Theory and his Xing Ling poems were the embodiment of the mentality of scholars who alienated themselves from politics actively or passively.Yuan Mei’s life choice and literature view were similar to Yao Nai and Li E,and had more in common with contemporary novelist such as Wu Chingtzu and Cao Xueqin.