高海拔公路隧道人行横通道纵向间距参数设置研究

Research on the Crosswalk Interval of Road Tunnel at High Altitude

公路隧道人行横洞是火灾等灾害时逃离或疏散通道,是减少和防止火灾人员伤亡的重要应急设施。高海拔寒冷地区,人员活动能力受气温低、含氧量低等因素影响,火灾等灾害发生规律、驾乘人员反应能力和逃生能力存在不同程度降低。系统分析了公路隧道逃生通道间距与火灾场景中人员的逃离时间、逃生速度关系,基于海拔高度对火灾ASET、RSET及关键参数的影响系数分析,提出了高海拔公路隧道人行横通道间距的计算公式,并参考国内外重大工程经验及技术规范要求,提出了不同高海拔高度公路隧道人行横通道间距取值的推荐表。研究结果表明:在海拔高度3 000 m～5 500 m地区修建公路隧道,人行横通道间距为平原地区的84%～54%不等,对目前世界上海拔最高的公路隧道—米拉山隧道,计算得出人行横通道间距为平原地区的0. 65倍,对高海拔隧道设计有重要指导意义,可供后继类似工程参考。

The pedestrian crossing tunnel of highway tunnel is an escape or evacuation passageway in case of fire and other disasters,and it is an important emergency facility to reduce and prevent casualties caused by fire.In high altitude and cold areas,the human activity ability is affected by low temperature,low oxygen content,and the law of fire and other disasters,the driver's response ability and escape ability are reduced to varying degrees.This paper systematically analyses the relationship between the escape passages distance and the escape time,speed of people in fire scenarios.Based on the analysis of the influence factors of elevation on fire ASET,RSET and key parameters,the calculation formulas of the distance between pedestrian passages of highway tunnels at high elevation are put forward.Referring to the experience of major projects at home and abroad and the requirements of technical specifications,different elevation highways are put forward.Recommendation table for the spacing of pedestrian crosswalks in road tunnels.The results show that the distance between crosswalks is 84%~54%in plain area when highway tunnels are constructed at altitudes of 3 000 m^5 500 m.The calculation results show that the distance between crosswalks is 0.65 times of that in plain area,which has important guiding significance for the design of high-altitude tunnels and can be used as reference for similar projects in the future.