《庄子》“在宥”思想发微

An Analysis of “Letting Be,and Exercising Forbearance” in Chuangtze

"在宥"是庄子哲学的一个重要组成部分,是庄学研究中一个不可忽视的问题。"逍遥游"张扬的是个体意识和精神品格,是庄子哲学思想的核心。"在宥"不同于"逍遥游",体现了庄子在人生哲学和政治哲学两个方面的主张。就人生哲学而言,"在宥"即顺乎本性、合于自然,因此要做到"不失其性命之情"、"任其性命之情"、"安其性命之情"。政治哲学方面,"在宥"即无为而治、无治而治,庄子通过对现实社会的批判,构筑了美好的理想社会,即"至德之世"。这种无政府主义的"乌托邦"的建构,在现实中必然无法找到其生存的土壤。通过剖析庄子的"在宥"思想,可以更加清晰地把握庄子哲学发展的脉络。

The thought of “Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance” is an indispensable part of Chuangtze philosophy, and is an unavoidable field for the research on Chuangtze philosophy. While “A Happy Excursion” is the core of Chuangtze philosophy and focuses on the awareness of individualism and the spiritual character,“Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance” reveals the proposals of Chuangtze on the philosophy of life and politics. In terms of philosophy of life,“Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance” means the conformity to nature, i.e.“the carrying of the instincts of their nature”,“the obeying of the instincts of their nature” and “the resting in the instincts of their nature”. As to political philosophy,“Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance” means the policy of doing nothing and governance by doing nothing. Chuangtze constructed an ideal and desirable society with criticism on the real world, namely, the World of Virtue, which is a utopian construction of anarchism and cannot find its way in the reality. The analysis of “Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance” can help us grasp the developmental path of Chuangtze philosophy more clearly.