马尾松人工林小气候调节效应

Microclimate regulation effect of Pinus massoniana plantation

通过对比分析马尾松林外内小气候特征,为其生态效应研究提供依据。利用马尾松人工林内外两个相同的地面气象站气象资料,分析比较两站点的气温、湿度等小气候因子的日变化和月变化特征。结果表明:1)林内外气温、土壤温度、空气湿度的差值均为白天大于夜晚,马尾松林白天具有更好的降温和增湿作用;2)马尾松林内年均气温和土壤温度分别比林外空旷地低1.1℃、2.8℃,年均空气相对湿度比空旷地高4.7%,林内高湿日数多于林外空旷地,而低湿日数少于空旷地;3)林内外月均气温、空气湿度差值表现为:夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;4)林内外土壤温度季节变化规律一致:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,与日变化相似,土壤温度越向下振幅越小。

The microclimate characteristics of Pinus massoniana forest were analyzed,which provided evidence for the ecological benefit of P.massoniana forest.Based on the meteorological data of two identical ground meteorological stations established inside & outside the P.massoniana plantation,the daily variation and monthly variation characteristics of forest climate such as temperature and humidity of the two sites were analyzed and compared.The results show that:1) The differences in air temperature,relative humidity and soil temperature during the daytime between the two sites were much higher than that at night time,the P.massoniana forest had better cooling and humidifying effect in daytime;2) The average annual temperature and soil temperature of P.massoniana forest were 1.1 C and 2.8 C lower than those of open land outside the forest respectively,the average annual relative humidity of air was 4.7% higher than that of open land,and the number of days of high humidity in forest was more than that of open land outside forest,while the number of days of low humidity was less than that of open land;3) The difference order of monthly mean temperature and air humidity inside and outside forests was summer > spring > autumn > winter;4) The seasonal variations of soil temperature inside and outside the forest was the same:summer > autumn > spring > winter,this was similar to the diurnal variation,with soil depth increasing the lower the soil temperature was.