论中古游仙诗基本形态的确立

On the Establishment of the Basic Form of the Middle Ancient Poetry about Immortals

中古时期的游仙诗经过长期的发展,在创作主旨、结构模式以及意象类型等方面基本得以定型。其创作主旨已基本定型为"列仙之趣"与"坎壈咏怀"两类,后者在有唐一代代表了游仙诗的最高成就;其结构上则多遵循先交代求仙途径、再描述游仙生活、终抒个人感慨的三层模式,意象上基本以仙人、仙兽(禽)、仙境、仙术为核心。作为中国古典诗歌中的重要类型,游仙诗虽然在此后的各个历史时期也有一定的发展,但总体上是在中古诗人所确立的框架内来进行的。

After a long period of development, poetry about immortals in the middle ancient times was basically established in terms of creative purports, structural patterns and image types. The creative themes basically fall into two types: fun of immortals and emotions about frustrations. In terms of its structure, it mainly follows the three-layer pattern: first explaining the ways to seek immortality, then describing the excursions of immortals, and finally expressing personal feelings. In terms of imagery, it mainly focuses on immortals, immortal beasts (birds), fairyland and magical arts. As an important type of classical Chinese poetry, poetry about immortals developed in various historical periods since then, but basically within the frame established by the poets in middle ancient times.