沈阳春玉米不同生育阶段需水量及缺水量变化特征

Variation Characteristics of Spring Maize Water Requirement and Water Deficit in Different Growth Stages in Shenyang

基于1960—2016年沈阳5个气象观测站玉米发育期资料及气象观测资料,计算春玉米不同生育阶段需水量、有效降水量,进而计算水分盈亏指数并分析其变化特征。结果表明:沈阳市春玉米除播种—出苗、出苗—七叶及拔节—抽雄期有效降水量呈增加趋势,其他发育阶段及全生育期呈显著减少趋势;全生育期及各生育阶段需水量均呈下降趋势;全生育期缺水量总体以下降为主,其中拔节—抽雄期处于强下降趋势,播种—出苗和出苗—七叶期呈弱下降趋势。沈阳北部有效降水量偏少、需水量偏高,是缺水量高值区;拔节—抽雄期缺水量最大。

Based on the maize observational data and meteorological data from 5 meteorological observation stations in Shenyang of Liaoning Province during 1960-2016,the water requirement and effective precipitation in spring maize growing season and different growth stages were estimated.Further,the crop water surplus deficit index(CWSDI)at each growth stages of spring maize were calculated and analyzed in the study area.The results show that the effective precipitation during the whole growing period and different growth stages of spring maize decreased from 1960 to 2016 except the period from sowing to emergence,emergence to seven leaf and jointing to tasseling.The water requirement at each growth stage declined over the past 57 years.The water deficit decreased during the whole growing period,especially at growth stage of jointing to tasseling over the past 57 years,followed by the periods from sowing to emergence and emergence to seven leaf.There was a significant north-south difference about effective precipitation which generally increased from north to south,but the water requirement was high in the north and low in the south.Besides,the northern region was the high area of water deficit.Comparing the water deficit at different growth stages of spring maize,it was found that the most serious water deficit occurred at the growth stage of jointing to tasseling.