自我决定理论在海上作业人员体育锻炼行为促进领域的应用

Application of Self-Determination Theory in Exercise Behavior Promotion of Maritime Operators

基于自我决定理论,结合中国特定的文化背景,采用问卷调查法对南海西部石油公司海上作业人员(1 432名)进行抽样调查,通过结构方程模型(SEM)构建海上作业人员体育锻炼行为促进路径模型,目的是为了更好地促进海上作业人员参与体育锻炼。研究结果:(1)运动自主支持、内部锻炼目标和运动基本心理需求与运动总量和运动活力呈显著正相关,可正向预测海上作业人员作业期间体育锻炼行为和主观活力;(2)运动自主性支持和内部锻炼目标通过3个中间变量对海上作业人员工作期间体育锻炼行为和主观活力进行间接推测。其中,3种基本心理需求预测的变量值最大。结论:通过SEM拟合验证的自我决定行为修正预测模型,可适用于中国特定的历史文化背景,对海上作业人员作业期间的体育锻炼行为进行解读。自主性支持的体育锻炼外部环境、自主性参与体育锻炼的人格特质以及内部锻炼目标的树立,是促进海上作业人员形成自主有规律的体育锻炼生活方式必不可少的因素。

Based on the self-determination theory and combined with the specific cultural background of China,this paper investigated 1432 maritime operators by using a questionnaire. This structural equation modeling was used to constructs a path model for promoting the physical exercise behavior in order to betterpromote marine operators participate exercise. The result showed that the perceived autonomy support,internal exercise goals and the basic psychological needshad a significant positive correlation with total exercise volume and exercise vitality,can predict positively the physical exercise behavior and subjective vitalityof marine operators. Sports autonomy support and internal exercise goals can indirectly inferred marine operators’ physical exercise behavior and subjective vital-ity through three intermediate variables as media. Among them,the three basic psychological needs forecast variables are the largest. The revised predictionmodel of self-determined exercise behavior by structural equation model fitting can explain effectively marine operators’ exercise behavior under Chinese cul-ture. External environmental factor of autonomy support,personality of autonomy participation in exercise and set intrinsic exercise goa1 are an indispensable factor to promote an independent and regular life style of physical exercise for marine workers.