运动员专项动作识别的神经效率:来自EEG节律去同步化和相干性证据

Neural Efficiency of Athletes' Specific Motor Recognition:The Evidence from EEG Rhythm Desynchronization and Coherence

目的:从大脑皮层激活与功能连接视角,探讨运动员专项动作识别的神经效率。方法:采用专家新手研究范式,随机抽取19名乒乓球二级运动员和20名业余大学生被试,完成乒乓球发球动作识别任务试验,比较反应时、正确率、EEG节律去同步化和相干性系数的组间差异性。结果:专家组动作识别正确率高于新手组(P<0.05);专家O1、O2、P3、P4电极点低频alpha-ERD低于新手组(P<0.05);专家组O1、O2、F5、F6、P3、P5、T7电极点高频alpha-ERD低于新手组(P<0.05);专家组O2T8电极对theta、高频alpha(P<0.05),O2F4电极对theta、高频alpha(P<0.05),F4T8电极对theta、低频和高频alpha(P<0.05)的相干性系数高于新手组;专家组O1P3和O1F3电极对高频alpha(P<0.05),F3T7电极对theta和高频alpha(P<0.05),T7F3电极对低频和高频alpha(P<0.01),F3P3电极对高频alpha(P<0.05),F3F4、P3P4、T7T8电极对theta、低频和高频alpha(P<0.05)相干性系数低于新手组。结论:在专项动作识别过程中,运动员大脑皮层的神经效率,不仅表现为枕-顶视觉皮层和镜像系统激活的降低,还表现右半球内脑区有效功能连接的增强,以及左半球内脑区和半球间脑区功能连接的减弱。

The purpose of this study is to verify the neural efficiency of athletes'specific motor recognition in terms of cortex activation and functional connectivity characteristics.In this study,19 secondary-level athletes and 20 amateur college students were randomly selected to complete the table tennis serve motor recognition task experiment by adopting the expert novice paradigm,and the differences of reaction time,accuracy,EEG rhythm desynchronization and coherence were compared.The accuracy rate of expert group action recognition was higher than that of the novice group(P﹤0.05).The low frequency alpha-ERD of O1,O2,P3 and P4 electrode points,and the high-frequency alpha-ERD of O1,O2,F5,F6,P3,P5 and T7 electrode points were lower than that of the novice group(P﹤0.05).The rhythmic coherence coefficients of the expert group right side electrode pairs O2T8 on theta and high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05),O2F4 on theta and high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05),and F4T8 theta,low/high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05)were higher than the novice group.The rhythmic coherence coefficients of the athletes left side electrode pairs O1P3 on high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05),O1F3 on high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05),F3T7 on theta and high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05),T7F3 on low and high frequency alpha(P﹤0.01),and F3P3 on high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05)were lower than the novice group.The rhythmic coherence coefficients of the expert group bilateral electrode pairs F3F4,P3P4 and T7T8 on theta,low and high frequency alpha(P﹤0.05)were lower than those of the novice group.The neural efficiency of the athletes specific motor recognition is not only decreased in activation of the occipital-parietal visual cortex and mirror system cortex,but also increased effective functional connectivity in the right hemisphere task brain region and decreased inefficient functional connectivity in the left hemisphere and inter-hemispheric brain region.