“事功”和“有情”——沈从文与现代中国文学的人道主义精神

“The Truth of History” and “the Feeling of History”:Shen Congwen and the Humanitarian Spirit of Modern Chinese Literature

从现象学的角度解读沈从文创作中的人性现象,结合沈从文对司马迁《史记》写作中有关"事功"和"有情"的论述,可以看出:沈从文文学世界里所呈现出来的生命形态,蕴含着马克思所说的"完成了的自然主义"和"完成了的人道主义"的人性完整性,体现出现代中国文学人道精神的"个体性"和"总体性"特征。"有情"并不是单纯的抒情方式,它是一种能力,是一种能穿透现实生活、穿透自然宇宙现象的"思"的能力。沈从文对"人性""现象"的"有情"认知,使他在创作中表现出一种宗教意义上的悲悯之情,体现出无条件地同情、理解、博爱他人的人道主义精神。这也是现代中国文学的核心精神。

By interpreting the phenomenon of human nature in Shen Congwen^writings from the perspective of phenomenology and Shen Congwen’s exposition of“the truth of history”and“the feeling of history”in Sima Qian^Records of the Grand Historian,the author notices that the life form presented in Shen Congwen’s literary world contains human integrity of“completed naturalism”and“completed humanitarianism”as Marx said,which embodies the“individuality”and“totality”of humanitarian spirit of modern Chinese literature.“The sentiment of history”is not a simple way of lyric,but a kind of ability-a“thinking”ability,which can penetrate the real life and the phenomenon of the natural universe.Shen Congwen’s“sentimental”understanding of“human nature”and“phenomenon”shows a religious compassion in his writings and reflects the humanitarian spirit of unconditional sympathy,under-standing and universal fraternity for others,which are also the core spirit of modern Chinese literature.