关于民国语言学史研究的一些深层问题

Some Deep Problems on History of Linguistics in the Period of the Republic of China

民国语言学处于中国语言学大突破、大变革的紧要历史关头,它并未与此前的传统语言学撕裂。大变革时代的语言学较易"得风气之先",民国语言学具有持久的影响力。《马氏文通》面世后沉寂了二十多年,最终确立了划时代的学术地位,其"比较"的思想在我国产生了深远的影响。"语言类型学"观念的形成离不开"比较"的思想。西方的"结构主义语言学"对中国语言学的影响并不彻底,而"中国结构主义"至今仍发挥着重要的作用。语言学史的书写很难,主要因为"语言学思想"较难把握,兼顾"坚实"与"流畅"非常难。语言学学科呼唤"专业化"的民国语言学史研究。

Linguistics in the Period of the Republic of China was at the critical historical juncture of the great breakthrough and great change,but it did not deviate from Chinese Traditional Linguistics.Linguistics in the era of great change was easy to aget ahead of the fashion ethos”,and Linguistics in the Period of the Republic of China had lasting impact.Having been silent after its publication for more than 20 years,(马氏文通)got the final establishment of the epoch-making academic status,especially with its thought of“comparison”having a profound impact in our country.The formation of the concept of“linguistic typology”can not be separated from the thought of“Comparative Method”.The impact of western“Structuralism Linguistics”on Chinese Linguistics is not thoroughgoing,but“Chinese Structuralism”still plays an important role up to now.It is difficult to write the history of linguistics,mainly because it is difficult to grasp the Linguistics Thoughts,and the most difficult thing is how to reach balance between“solid philology bas”and“fluency in writing”.Linguistics discipline calls for the“specialization research”on Linguistics in the Period of the Republic of China.