铁路取弃土场生态恢复调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Ecological Restoration of Railway Soil Borrow Area and Spoil Ground

选择我国不同地域6条铁路,现场调查铁路取土、弃土(渣)场的使用及恢复情况,从取弃土场的占地面积及类型、取土量、弃土量等方面分析了其利用现状,并对植被恢复效果和难易程度进行了讨论。调查表明:北方平原区、荒漠区铁路的取土量较多,南部丘陵区的弃土(渣)场及弃渣量较多。从恢复效率和程度看,南部地区植被恢复相对容易且在1年内可以恢复到较好程度,但植被恢复不到位,较易发生水土流失等次生灾害;东北、华北地区植被恢复2年左右可以恢复至良好程度;西北地区植被恢复需求较小;对于部分高原地区,海拔越低、降雨越多,恢复越好,但部分地区降雨量是生态恢复的首要制约因子,保水措施是这类地区生态恢复的重点。

This study focuses on the use and recovery of borrow and dump sites in temporary land of railway construction.Six railways in different regions of China were selected to investigate the use and restoration of railway spoil(slag)fields.The current utilization situation was analyzed from the aspects of the occupied area and types of spoil fields,the amount of soil taken,and the amount of spoil.The effect and difficulty of vegetation restoration were also discussed.The investigation shows that in general,the amount of soil taken from railways in the northern plain area and desert area is more than that in the southern hilly area.Judging from the recovery efficiency and degree,vegetation recovery in the southern region is relatively easy and can reach a better level within one year,but vegetation recovery is not in place and secondary disasters such as soil erosion are more likely to occur.Vegetation restoration in northeast and north China can reach a good level in about 2 years.The demand for vegetation restoration in Northwest China is small.For some plateau areas,the lower the altitude,the more rainfall,the better the recovery.However,rainfall in some areas is the primary limiting factor for ecological recovery,and water conservation measures are the focus of ecological recovery in such areas.