海上养殖设施与人工鱼礁融合布局流场分析

Flow field analysis on fusion layout of marine culture facilities and artificial reef

为拓展人工鱼礁的聚群功能,实现网箱及筏架多层次养殖的现代海洋牧场新模式,在网箱附近构建一定形态的人工鱼礁群,采用CFD软件并进行二次开发,模拟往复潮流,对鱼礁区流场分析。结果显示:网箱附近放置部分鱼礁,在海底流速为1 m/s的情况下,礁区内布置的网箱(围栏)养殖区域内的流速为0. 60～0. 80 m/s;在礁区后方形成较大范围的涡流区,流速在0. 2～0. 67 m/s。根据大型网箱、围栏的投饲情况,分析了礁区内往复海流对养殖固形物携带能力。验证了人工鱼礁群、网箱及养殖筏架综合布局新模式的可行性。研究表明:人工鱼礁群落对内部放置的网箱具有一定的阻流作用,在鱼礁群落的后侧,适合贝类及藻类的筏架养殖。该研究为现代化海洋牧场生态环境构建提供了理论依据。

In order to expand the clustering function of artificial reefs and realize the new mode of modern marine pastures for cage and raft multi-level aquaculture,a certain form of artificial reef community is constructed near the cage,and CFD software is used for secondary development to simulate the reciprocating tide and analyze the flow field in the reef area.The results show that when some reefs are placed near the cage,at the underwater velocity of 1 m/s,the velocity in the cage in the reef area and in the fenced breeding area is 0.60-0.80 m/s;and a large eddy current area is formed behind the reef area,with the velocity of 0.2- 0.67 m/s.According to the feeding conditions of large cages and fences,the carrying capacity of reciprocating currents in the reef area to aquaculture solids is analyzed.The feasibility of the new comprehensive layout model of artificial reef community,cage and aquaculture raft is verified.The research indicates that the artificial reef community has a certain blocking effect on the cages placed inside,and on the back of the reef community,it is suitable for the raft aquaculture of shellfish and algae.The research which provides a theoretical basis for the ecological environment construction of modern marine pastures.