论马克思哲学语境中的群众概念

On Concept of Mass in the Context of Marx's Philosophy

马克思是通过其"哲学"方法,辩证地、普遍地把握群众的本质特性,而不是仅仅经验地、直观地描述群众现象。马克思哲学语境中的群众属于"历史"范畴,它是社会"生产"出来的,而非自然存在的。群众是作为阶级整体存在的群众,是人类普遍苦难的载体,也是历史发展的主体,是人类社会获得自我解放的真正主体。群众自我生产,"生产"着人类的苦难,同时也将担当解放自己苦难的历史使命。

Marx grasped the essential characteristics of the masses dialectically and universally through his “philosophical” method, rather than describing the mass phenomena empirically and intuitively. The masses in the context of Marxist philosophy belong to the category of “history”, which is produced by society rather than natural existence. The masses are the masses existing as a class as a whole, the carrier of universal human suffering, the subject of historical development, and the real subject of human society's self-liberation. The masses produce themselves and “produce” the suffering of mankind. At the same time, they will also undertake the historical mission of liberating their own suffering.