4002名高校学生先天缺牙及牙齿畸形的现况调查

Survey of hypodontia and morphology anomaly in 4 002 university undergraduates

目的:研究4 002名青年国人先天缺牙及牙齿畸形现况。方法:选取天津某医学院校4 002名学生,调查先天缺牙及牙齿畸形患病率并进行统计学分析,抽取1个年级学生统计有先天缺牙或牙齿畸形个体的患牙数目。结果:先天缺牙患病率3.92%,下颌比上颌好发,女性患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.40,P=0.04;χ~2=6.49,P=0.01);牙齿畸形患病率4.97%,上颌比下颌好发,汉族患病率高于少数民族,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=43.60,P=0.00;χ~2=4.92,P=0.03)。先天缺牙好发于下颌侧切牙,牙齿畸形好发于上颌侧切牙。多数患者先天缺牙及牙齿畸形的数目为1～2颗。结论:先天缺牙患病率存在性别差异和上下颌差异,牙齿畸形患病率存在民族差异及上下颌差异,本研究结果将为口腔医生临床诊断和治疗提供参考。

Objective: To investigate the status of hypodontia and morphology anomaly of 4002 young people in China. Methods: We carried out a prevalence survey involving 4 002 undergraduates aged 17 to 25 years old, who were recruited in one university of Tianjin. Statistical methods were used to analyze the prevalence of the hypodontia and morphology anomaly. Third year students were selected randomly to analyze the severity of hypodontia and morphology anomaly. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 3.92%. Hypodontia in mandibular and female was significantly different (χ^2=4.40 P=0.04;χ^2=6.49 P=0.01). The prevalence of morphology anomaly was 4.97%. The prevalence of morphology anomaly in maxillary and Han nationality was significantly higher (χ^2=43.60 P=0.00;χ^2=4.92 P=0.03). There was no significant difference among different regions of hypodontia and morphology anomaly. Mandibular lateral incisors and maxillary lateral incisors were the most common sites of hypodontia and morphology anomaly, respectively. Tooth agenesis was not severe. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of hypodontia varied between different genders, while the prevalence of morphology anomaly varied among different nationalities. As for upper-lower jaw, the prevalence of hypodontia and morphology anomaly was significantly different. This study would provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of stomatologists.